Jan Tschichold, 1902–1974, wrote three classic works concerning typography; Die neue T ypographie (1927), The Proportion of the Book (1955) and The Form of the Book (A collection of essays written between 1937 and 1975 that discusses all elements influencing classical book design.) For many years, he worked for Penguin Books where he laid the foundation for the design of their paperbacks.
Where grid systems are concerned, Tschichold measured a number of older works and discovered a number of different systems. He was enamored with one method made popular by J. A Van de Graaf.In his book, Nieuwe berekening voor de vormgeving (1946), (he published this method for the first time in 1946 in the November issue of the Amsterdam journal, Tete) Van de Graaf writes about a method, similar to Rosarivo’s, where the page is divided into nine parts with the help of double diagonals and a guideline (figure below).
he method results in margins with ratios of 2:3:4:6, where the original area has the ratio 2:3. Tschichold appreciated this method and made it popular in his books The Proportion of the Book and The Form of the Book. The method has sometimes incorrectly been called Tschichold’s method. However he can take credit for a similar construction that generates the same result (below).
Raul Mario Rosarivo (1903–1966), born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, was a typographer, researcher, designer, poet, painter and illustrator, famous for his work analyzing Gutenberg’s Bibles. In his book, Divina proporcion tipografica (Typographical Divine Proportion, 1948) he shows how many of the classic books were designed via a module he calls MODULE 1.5. By taking a close look at some of the first printed books – for example B36 (printed 1458) and B42 (printed 1455) and even Fust and Schöffers 48-line Bible printed 1462 – you’ll notice all are based on the number 3. There are two ways to create such a layout. The first is Rosarivo’s version, which I first found in Hermann Zapf ’s book Hermann Zapf & His design Philosophy (the method is also inTschichold’s and Hans Rudolf Bosshard’s books). Below is Rosarivos method, 9 x 9 grid:
http://www.bachgarde.com/gridsystem.html
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